![]() ![]() Power is measured before the processor’s voltage converter. On modern ATX motherboards, CPU and GPU power regulators are powered by the 12V power connector, which gives a convenient place to measure the current and voltage consumed by the processor package excluding the rest of the system. Power consumption is measured using multimeters on the 12V power connector to measure current and voltage. The TZ77MXE motherboard allows adjustment of processor frequency (multiplier) and voltage, although it does not allow manual adjustment of voltage below 1.0V, or negative voltage offsets. ![]() A comparison of the measurements across Sandy Bridge and Ivy Bridge can quantify some of these observations. Another difference between the two processors is the switch from using solder thermal interface material (STIM) to polymer (PTIM), resulting in increased thermal resistance and higher junction temperatures on Ivy Bridge for the same power. On the other hand, Intel claims the 22nm process improves performance over 32nm. There have been some rumblings that Ivy Bridge does not overclock as well as Sandy Bridge. operating frequency), and compare overall thermal resistance. Using those tools, we can measure static and dynamic power as a function of temperature, frequency, and voltage, create shmoo plots (voltage vs. In a complete system, a processor’s power consumption, voltage, temperature, and operating frequency can be observed, while the latter three can be controlled. Intel’s previous-generation Sandy Bridge processor made on their 32nm planar CMOS process uses a similar architecture, and can be used as a point of comparison. Intel’s new Ivy Bridge processor manufactured on a 22nm tri-gate CMOS process, which is a significant change from the planar transistors used in previous processes. Intel’s recent tradition of manufacturing the same processor microarchitecture across two processes provides an opportunity to look at some of the voltage-delay-power scaling trends. Each new generation of CMOS manufacturing processes brings about a new set of trade-offs. ![]()
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